Add Users and require Authentication for messaging

Users

In order to increase the variety of validations and form styles in this example application, introduce the concept of a User, and require that they be authenticated to create Messages.

When creating Message records through the MessagesController, associate the new messages with the Current user.

Fixtures are declared for existing User and Message records to both simplify writing the authentication tests and so that we can delay a sign up process until a later point in the process.

Authentications

To authenticate the User, rely on has_secure_password, the bcrypt gem, and ActionDispatch‘s session. The AuthenticationsController is responsible for creating, verifying, and destroying User sessions. Matching before_action declarations are declared in both AuthenticationsController and MessagesController to ensure that the proper authentications have occurred before certain actions.

Validations

In a very similar style to the Message record validations, declare Authentication validations for each individual field. Additionally, to demonstrate a more secure authentication process, when an invalid username & password pairing are submitted, don’t mark the fields themselves as invalid, but instead associate the error message to the record itself.

Note that we’re asserting that the username and password fields are described by the error message (which relies on aria-describedby), and not that they’re validation errors themselves (which rely on the browser-native Constraint Validation validity state).

Duplications

At this point in the process, we have two controllers and two forms. There are some emerging patterns, mostly related to rendering the correct ARIA attributes, and testing form elements’ Accessibility.


      Gemfile

diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 910c8ef..b6451e0 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.7'
 # Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
 # gem 'redis', '~> 4.0'
 # Use Active Model has_secure_password
-# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
+gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
 
 # Use Active Storage variant
 # gem 'image_processing', '~> 1.2'


      Gemfile.lock

diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 92a2727..0e4ad44 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ GEM
       railties (>= 4.0)
     addressable (2.7.0)
       public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 5.0)
+    bcrypt (3.1.13)
     bindex (0.8.1)
     bootsnap (1.4.8)
       msgpack (~> 1.0)
@@ -232,6 +233,7 @@ PLATFORMS
 
 DEPENDENCIES
   activerecord-session_store
+  bcrypt (~> 3.1.7)
   bootsnap (>= 1.4.4)
   byebug
   capybara (>= 3.26)


      app/controllers/application_controller.rb

diff --git a/app/controllers/application_controller.rb b/app/controllers/application_controller.rb
index 6242faf..9ebbc14 100644
--- a/app/controllers/application_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/application_controller.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
   include FlashParams
+
+  before_action { Current.user = Authentication.find(session) }
 end


      app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb

diff --git a/app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb b/app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..545f6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+class AuthenticationsController < ApplicationController
+  before_action(only: :new) { redirect_to messages_url if Current.user }
+
+  def new
+    authentication = Authentication.restore_submission(authentications_params)
+
+    render locals: { authentication: authentication }
+  end
+
+  def create
+    authentication = Authentication.new(authentications_params)
+    authentication.session = session
+
+    if authentication.save
+      redirect_to messages_url
+    else
+      redirect_to new_authentication_url, params: { authentication: authentications_params.except(:password) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def destroy
+    authentication = Authentication.new(session: session)
+
+    authentication.destroy
+
+    redirect_back fallback_location: messages_url
+  end
+
+  def authentications_params
+    params.fetch(:authentication, {}).permit(:username, :password)
+  end
+end


      app/controllers/messages_controller.rb

diff --git a/app/controllers/messages_controller.rb b/app/controllers/messages_controller.rb
index 27fd30a..9dbec88 100644
--- a/app/controllers/messages_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/messages_controller.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 class MessagesController < ApplicationController
+  before_action(except: :index) { head :forbidden unless Current.user }
+
   def create
-    message = Message.new(message_params)
+    message = Current.user.messages.new(message_params)
 
     if message.save
       redirect_to messages_url
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ class MessagesController < ApplicationController
   end
 
   def index
-    messages = Message.all
+    messages = Message.all.order(:created_at).with_rich_text_content
     message = Message.restore_submission(message_params)
 
     render locals: { messages: messages, message: message }


      app/models/authentication.rb

diff --git a/app/models/authentication.rb b/app/models/authentication.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fb6e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/authentication.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class Authentication
+  include ActiveModel::Model
+  include ActiveModel::Attributes
+  include Restorable
+
+  attribute :username, :string
+  attribute :password, :string
+  attribute :session
+
+  validates :username, presence: true
+  validates :password, presence: true
+  validate { errors.add(:base, :invalid) unless user.present? }
+
+  def self.find(session)
+    if (user_id = session[:user_id])
+      User.find_by(id: user_id).tap { |user| session.delete(:user_id) if user.nil? }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def user
+    if (user = User.find_by(username: username)) && user.authenticate_password(password)
+      user
+    end
+  end
+
+  def save
+    if valid?
+      session[:user_id] = user.id
+    end
+  end
+
+  def destroy
+    session.delete(:user_id)
+  end
+end


      app/models/current.rb

diff --git a/app/models/current.rb b/app/models/current.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73a9744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/current.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+class Current < ActiveSupport::CurrentAttributes
+  attribute :user
+end


      app/models/message.rb

diff --git a/app/models/message.rb b/app/models/message.rb
index 1ed7734..be736b2 100644
--- a/app/models/message.rb
+++ b/app/models/message.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 class Message < ApplicationRecord
+  belongs_to :user
   has_rich_text :content
 
   validates :content, presence: true


      app/models/user.rb

diff --git a/app/models/user.rb b/app/models/user.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f72fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/user.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  has_secure_password
+
+  has_many :messages
+end


      app/views/authentications/new.html.erb

diff --git a/app/views/authentications/new.html.erb b/app/views/authentications/new.html.erb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb2f95a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/views/authentications/new.html.erb
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<%= form_with(model: authentication) do |form| %>
+  <% form.object.errors[:base].tap do |errors| %>
+    <% if errors.any? %>
+      <%= tag.span errors.to_sentence, aria: { live: "assertive" } %>
+    <% end %>
+  <% end %>
+
+  <% form.object.errors[:username].tap do |errors| %>
+    <%= form.label :username %>
+    <%= form.text_field :username, aria: {
+      describedby: {form.field_id(:username, :validation_message) => errors.any?},
+      invalid: errors.any?
+    } %>
+    <% if errors.any? %>
+      <%= tag.span errors.to_sentence, id: form.field_id(:username, :validation_message) %>
+    <% end %>
+  <% end %>
+
+  <% form.object.errors[:password].tap do |errors| %>
+    <%= form.label :password %>
+    <%= form.password_field :password, aria: {
+      describedby: {form.field_id(:password, :validation_message) => errors.any?},
+      invalid: errors.any?
+    } %>
+    <% if errors.any? %>
+      <%= tag.span errors.to_sentence, id: form.field_id(:password, :validation_message) %>
+    <% end %>
+  <% end %>
+
+  <%= form.button %>
+<% end %>


      app/views/messages/index.html.erb

diff --git a/app/views/messages/index.html.erb b/app/views/messages/index.html.erb
index 4f44a89..49bfab9 100644
--- a/app/views/messages/index.html.erb
+++ b/app/views/messages/index.html.erb
@@ -4,17 +4,27 @@
   <% end %>
 </ul>
 
-<%= form_with model: message do |form| %>
-  <% form.object.errors[:content].tap do |errors| %>
-    <%= form.label :content %>
-    <%= form.rich_text_area :content, aria: {
-      describedby: {message_content_validation_message: errors.any?},
-      invalid: errors.any?
-    } %>
-    <% if errors.any? %>
-      <%= tag.span errors.to_sentence, id: :message_content_validation_message %>
+<% if Current.user %>
+  <%= form_with model: message do |form| %>
+    <% form.object.errors[:content].tap do |errors| %>
+      <%= form.label :content %>
+      <%= form.rich_text_area :content, aria: {
+        describedby: {form.field_id(:content, :validation_message) => errors.any?},
+        invalid: errors.any?
+      } %>
+      <% if errors.any? %>
+        <%= tag.span errors.to_sentence, id: form.field_id(:content, :validation_message) %>
+      <% end %>
     <% end %>
+
+    <%= form.button %>
   <% end %>
 
-  <%= form.button %>
+  <%= button_to authentication_path, method: :delete do %>
+    Log out
+  <% end %>
+<% else %>
+  <%= link_to new_authentication_path do %>
+    Log in to send a message
+  <% end %>
 <% end %>


      bin/setup

diff --git a/bin/setup b/bin/setup
index 90700ac..5b66c83 100755
--- a/bin/setup
+++ b/bin/setup
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ FileUtils.chdir APP_ROOT do
   # end
 
   puts "\n== Preparing database =="
-  system! 'bin/rails db:prepare'
+  system! 'bin/rails db:prepare db:fixtures:load'
 
   puts "\n== Removing old logs and tempfiles =="
   system! 'bin/rails log:clear tmp:clear'


      config/locales/en.yml

diff --git a/config/locales/en.yml b/config/locales/en.yml
index a56856b..4b4e89b 100644
--- a/config/locales/en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/en.yml
@@ -32,8 +32,13 @@
 en:
   helpers:
     label:
+      authentication:
+        username: "Username"
+        password: "Password"
       message:
         content: "Content"
     submit:
+      authentication:
+        create: "Log in"
       message:
         create: "Send"


      config/routes.rb

diff --git a/config/routes.rb b/config/routes.rb
index 37345a4..e7b857e 100644
--- a/config/routes.rb
+++ b/config/routes.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 Rails.application.routes.draw do
   # For details on the DSL available within this file, see https://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
   resources :messages, only: [:index, :create]
+  resources :authentications, only: [:new, :create]
+  resource :authentication, only: :destroy
 
   root to: redirect("/messages")
 end


      db/migrate/20201004040718_create_users.rb

diff --git a/db/migrate/20201004040718_create_users.rb b/db/migrate/20201004040718_create_users.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4710f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20201004040718_create_users.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+  def change
+    create_table :users do |t|
+      t.text :username, null: false
+      t.text :password_digest, null: false
+
+      t.timestamps
+
+      t.index :username
+    end
+  end
+end


      db/migrate/20201004041613_add_user_to_messages.rb

diff --git a/db/migrate/20201004041613_add_user_to_messages.rb b/db/migrate/20201004041613_add_user_to_messages.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b71d80a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20201004041613_add_user_to_messages.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class AddUserToMessages < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+  def change
+    add_reference :messages, :user, null: false, foreign_key: true, index: true
+  end
+end


      db/schema.rb

diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index 8fd5890..65fdfb1 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_10_04_015757) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_10_04_041613) do
 
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "plpgsql"
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_10_04_015757) do
   create_table "messages", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.datetime "created_at", precision: 6, null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", precision: 6, null: false
+    t.bigint "user_id", null: false
+    t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_messages_on_user_id"
   end
 
   create_table "sessions", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -67,6 +69,15 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_10_04_015757) do
     t.index ["updated_at"], name: "index_sessions_on_updated_at"
   end
 
+  create_table "users", force: :cascade do |t|
+    t.text "username", null: false
+    t.text "password_digest", null: false
+    t.datetime "created_at", precision: 6, null: false
+    t.datetime "updated_at", precision: 6, null: false
+    t.index ["username"], name: "index_users_on_username"
+  end
+
   add_foreign_key "active_storage_attachments", "active_storage_blobs", column: "blob_id"
   add_foreign_key "active_storage_variant_records", "active_storage_blobs", column: "blob_id"
+  add_foreign_key "messages", "users"
 end


      test/application_system_test_case.rb

diff --git a/test/application_system_test_case.rb b/test/application_system_test_case.rb
index 78287d7..0271970 100644
--- a/test/application_system_test_case.rb
+++ b/test/application_system_test_case.rb
@@ -6,4 +6,25 @@ class ApplicationSystemTestCase < ActionDispatch::SystemTestCase
   Capybara.modify_selector(:rich_text_area) do
     filter_set(:capybara_accessible_selectors, %i[focused fieldset described_by validation_error])
   end
+
+  private
+    def sign_in_as(user)
+      username =
+        case user when Symbol then users(user).username
+        else user.username
+        end
+
+      visit new_authentication_path
+      fill_in label(:authentication, :username), with: username
+      fill_in label(:authentication, :password), with: "password"
+      click_on submit(:authentication)
+    end
+
+    def label(i18n_key, attribute)
+      I18n.translate(attribute, scope: [:helpers, :label, i18n_key])
+    end
+
+    def submit(i18n_key)
+      I18n.translate(:create, scope: [:helpers, :submit, i18n_key])
+    end
 end


      test/controllers/authentications_controller_test.rb

diff --git a/test/controllers/authentications_controller_test.rb b/test/controllers/authentications_controller_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..659e9bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/controllers/authentications_controller_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+require "test_helper"
+
+class AuthenticationsControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
+  test "#new redirects to messages#index when already authenticated" do
+    sign_in_as :alice
+    get new_authentication_path
+
+    assert_redirected_to messages_url
+  end
+
+  test "#create with a valid username/password pairing writes to the session" do
+    alice = users(:alice)
+
+    sign_in_as alice
+
+    assert_redirected_to messages_url
+    assert_equal alice.id, session[:user_id]
+  end
+
+  test "#create with empty fields redirects with errors" do
+    alice = users(:alice)
+
+    post authentications_path, params: {
+      authentication: {
+        username: "",
+        password: "",
+      }
+    }
+
+    assert_redirected_to(new_authentication_url).then { follow_redirect! }
+    assert_flash_params({ authentication: { username: "" } })
+    assert_nil session[:user_id]
+    assert_select "#authentication_username_validation_message", text: "can't be blank"
+    assert_select %(input[type="text"][aria-invalid="true"][aria-describedby~="authentication_username_validation_message"])
+    assert_select "#authentication_password_validation_message", text: "can't be blank"
+    assert_select %(input[type="password"][aria-invalid="true"][aria-describedby~="authentication_password_validation_message"])
+  end
+
+  test "#create with an invalid username/password pairing redirects with errors" do
+    alice = users(:alice)
+
+    post authentications_path, params: {
+      authentication: {
+        username: alice.username,
+        password: "junk",
+      }
+    }
+
+    assert_redirected_to(new_authentication_url).then { follow_redirect! }
+    assert_flash_params({ authentication: { username: alice.username } })
+    assert_nil session[:user_id]
+    assert_select %(span[aria-live="assertive"]), text: "is invalid"
+    assert_select %(input[type="text"][value="#{alice.username}"])
+    assert_select %(input[type="password"]:not([value]))
+  end
+
+  test "#destroy logs the User out" do
+    sign_in_as :alice
+
+    delete authentication_path
+
+    assert_redirected_to messages_url
+    assert_nil session[:user_id]
+  end
+end


      test/controllers/messages_controller_test.rb

diff --git a/test/controllers/messages_controller_test.rb b/test/controllers/messages_controller_test.rb
index 0c8edf8..7b91666 100644
--- a/test/controllers/messages_controller_test.rb
+++ b/test/controllers/messages_controller_test.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ require "test_helper"
 
 class MessagesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
   test "#create with invalid parameters redirects to the new action" do
+    sign_in_as :alice
     post messages_path, params: {
       message: { content: "" }
     }
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ class MessagesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
   end
 
   test "#create clears parameters once successful" do
+    sign_in_as :alice
     post messages_path, params: {
       message: { content: "" }
     }
@@ -26,7 +28,16 @@ class MessagesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
     end
   end
 
-  test "#index through a direct request renders a fresh Message form" do
+  test "#index when unauthenticated links to the log in page" do
+    get messages_path
+
+    assert_response :success
+    assert_select "trix-editor", count: 0
+    assert_select %(a[href="#{new_authentication_path}"])
+  end
+
+  test "#index through a direct authenticated request renders a fresh Message form" do
+    sign_in_as :alice
     get messages_path
 
     assert_response :success
@@ -35,6 +46,7 @@ class MessagesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
   end
 
   test "#index when redirected with invalid parameters renders errors" do
+    sign_in_as :alice
     post messages_path, params: {
       message: { content: "" }
     }
@@ -43,13 +55,4 @@ class MessagesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
     assert_select "#message_content_validation_message", "can't be blank"
     assert_select %{trix-editor[aria-invalid="true"][aria-describedby~="message_content_validation_message"]}
   end
-
-  private
-    def assert_flash_params(params)
-      values_from_flash = flash[:params].slice(*params.keys)
-
-      assert_equal \
-        params.with_indifferent_access,
-        values_from_flash.with_indifferent_access
-    end
 end


      test/fixtures/action_text/rich_texts.yml

diff --git a/test/fixtures/action_text/rich_texts.yml b/test/fixtures/action_text/rich_texts.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a39967e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/action_text/rich_texts.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+DEFAULTS: &DEFAULTS
+  record: $LABEL (Message)
+
+alice_hello_bob:
+  <<: *DEFAULTS
+  name: content
+  body: <div>Hello, Bob</div>
+
+bob_hello_alice:
+  <<: *DEFAULTS
+  name: content
+  body: <div>Hello, Alice</div>


      test/fixtures/messages.yml

diff --git a/test/fixtures/messages.yml b/test/fixtures/messages.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56ffaa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/messages.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+alice_hello_bob:
+  created_at: <%= 5.minutes.ago %>
+  user: alice
+
+bob_hello_alice:
+  created_at: <%= 10.minutes.ago %>
+  user: bob


      test/fixtures/users.yml

diff --git a/test/fixtures/users.yml b/test/fixtures/users.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfde22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/users.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+DEFAULTS: &DEFAULTS
+  username: $LABEL
+  password_digest: <%= BCrypt::Password.create("password") %>
+
+alice:
+  <<: *DEFAULTS
+
+bob:
+  <<: *DEFAULTS


      test/models/authentication_test.rb

diff --git a/test/models/authentication_test.rb b/test/models/authentication_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33ca5dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/models/authentication_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+require "test_helper"
+
+class AuthenticationTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  test ".find when the session has an invalid user_id returns nil" do
+    session = { user_id: 0 }
+
+    user = Authentication.find(session)
+
+    assert_nil user
+  end
+
+  test ".find when the session is missing a user_id returns nil" do
+    session = {}
+
+    user = Authentication.find(session)
+
+    assert_nil user
+  end
+
+  test ".find retrieves the User matching user_id" do
+    alice = users(:alice)
+    session = { user_id: alice.id }
+
+    user = Authentication.find(session)
+
+    assert_equal alice, user
+  end
+
+  test "invalid when username is blank" do
+    authentication = Authentication.new(username: "")
+
+    valid = authentication.validate
+
+    assert_not valid
+    assert_includes authentication.errors, :username
+  end
+
+  test "invalid when password is blank" do
+    authentication = Authentication.new(password: "")
+
+    valid = authentication.validate
+
+    assert_not valid
+    assert_includes authentication.errors, :password
+  end
+
+  test "invalid when User does not exist" do
+    authentication = Authentication.new(username: "junk", password: "junk")
+
+    valid = authentication.validate
+
+    assert_not valid
+    assert_includes authentication.errors, :base
+  end
+
+  test "invalid when username and password pairing are incorrect" do
+    alice = users(:alice)
+    authentication = Authentication.new(username: alice.username, password: "junk")
+
+    valid = authentication.validate
+
+    assert_not valid
+    assert_includes authentication.errors, :base
+  end
+
+  test "#save does not write to the Session when invalid" do
+    session = {}
+    authentication = Authentication.new(session: session)
+
+    saved = authentication.save
+
+    assert_not saved
+    assert_not_empty authentication.errors
+    assert_empty session
+  end
+
+  test "#save writes to the Session" do
+    alice = users(:alice)
+    session = {}
+    authentication = Authentication.new(
+      username: alice.username,
+      password: "password",
+      session: session
+    )
+
+    saved = authentication.save
+
+    assert saved
+    assert_empty authentication.errors
+    assert_equal alice.id, session[:user_id]
+  end
+
+  test "#destroy removes the user_id from the session" do
+    session = { user_id: 1 }
+    authentication = Authentication.new(session: session)
+
+    authentication.destroy
+
+    assert_empty session
+  end
+end


      test/system/authentications_test.rb

diff --git a/test/system/authentications_test.rb b/test/system/authentications_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7aa586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/system/authentications_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+require "application_system_test_case"
+
+class AuthenticationsTest < ApplicationSystemTestCase
+  test "invalid authentication renders errors" do
+    visit new_authentication_path
+    click_on submit(:authentication)
+
+    assert_field label(:authentication, :username), described_by: "can't be blank"
+    assert_field label(:authentication, :password), described_by: "can't be blank"
+  end
+end


      test/system/messages_test.rb

diff --git a/test/system/messages_test.rb b/test/system/messages_test.rb
index f005327..f59e32c 100644
--- a/test/system/messages_test.rb
+++ b/test/system/messages_test.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require "application_system_test_case"
 
 class MessagesTest < ApplicationSystemTestCase
   test "invalid messages are rendered as :invalid" do
-    visit messages_path
+    sign_in_as :alice
     fill_in_rich_text_area label(:message, :content), with: ""
     click_on submit(:message)
 
@@ -13,12 +13,4 @@ class MessagesTest < ApplicationSystemTestCase
     def assert_rich_text_area(locator, **options)
       assert_selector :rich_text_area, locator, **options
     end
-
-    def label(i18n_key, attribute)
-      I18n.translate(attribute, scope: [:helpers, :label, i18n_key])
-    end
-
-    def submit(i18n_key)
-      I18n.translate(:create, scope: [:helpers, :submit, i18n_key])
-    end
 end


      test/test_helper.rb

diff --git a/test/test_helper.rb b/test/test_helper.rb
index 47b598d..c2795d2 100644
--- a/test/test_helper.rb
+++ b/test/test_helper.rb
@@ -11,3 +11,29 @@ class ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   # Add more helper methods to be used by all tests here...
 end
+
+class ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
+  private
+
+  def sign_in_as(user)
+    username =
+      case user when Symbol then users(user).username
+      else user.username
+      end
+
+    post authentications_path, params: {
+      authentication: {
+        username: username,
+        password: "password"
+      }
+    }
+  end
+
+  def assert_flash_params(params)
+    values_from_flash = flash[:params].slice(*params.keys)
+
+    assert_equal \
+      params.with_indifferent_access,
+      values_from_flash.with_indifferent_access
+  end
+end